Leukemia commonly used chemotherapy drugs

Western medicine is the main drug treatment of leukemia induced by a variety of leukemia cell differentiation and apoptosis of chemical drugs, most have a specific effect, is the oral administration of traditional Chinese medicine can not be replaced. With chemotherapy for cancer, including leukemia, only 60 in the coming year history. In 1943, the first nitrogen mustard for the treatment of lymphoma, while the breakthrough success of the treatment of leukemia was found in Ara-C and methotrexate. Currently used for treatment of leukemia has been more than 30 kinds of chemotherapy drugs, including commonly used are:

1, the drugs interfere with nucleic acid biosynthesis. Such drugs known as anti-metabolite. They, through their specific interference with cell division and reproduction of leukemia, specific varieties are:

Cytarabine (ara-c), injection. Used for a variety of acute leukemia, meningeal leukemia, is the effect of chemotherapy in the best commonly used species.

Cyclocytidine (cc). Injection. Indications with Ara-C the same.

Methotrexate (mtx), commonly used injection, there are tablets. Children, the treatment of lymphocytic leukemia, the most important drug, but for all of intrathecal chemotherapy drug of choice.

Hydroxyurea (hu), for oral administration. Chronic myeloid leukemia in the main treatment drugs.

6 - mercaptopurine (6-mp, music Weijining). Is the treatment of oral maintenance therapy of acute lymphoblastic leukemia drug. Is also used in CML.

Thioguanine (6-tg) oral treatment of acute leukemia or CML.

2, a direct impact on cancer cell dna structure and function of drugs.Some varieties of antibiotics. Its role is to make cancer cells dna strand breaks, base pairing the wrong code, functions such as the failure. Varieties include:

Busulfan (white blood Fu, Maryland, mac waves, bu). Chronic myeloid leukemia oral treatment drug, is now rarely used.

Etoposide (vp-16) Podophyllotoxin derivatives, injection. Is an important treatment of refractory leukemia drug.

Vermeer (Nigeria for Vm, vm-26). New - on behalf of the podophyllotoxin derivatives used for treatment of children with acute lymphocytic.

Mitomycin C (mmc) injection. For CML and lymphoma.

Chlorambucil (tumor can-ning, cbl, cb1348), oral. Is mainly used for chronic lymphocytic leukemia and hairy

Cell leukemia.

L-phenylalanine nitrogen mustard (cbl, melphalan, L-melting sarcoma Su), oral. Is mainly used for CLL, or CML.

Bian nitrogen mustard (diclofenac sodium has nitrosourea, bcnu) injection. Is mainly used for meningeal leukemia and CLL.

Cyclophosphamide (ctx) with injections and tablets. For a variety of leukemia, and other anti-leukemia chemotherapy composed of different chemotherapy regimens.

Cyclohexyl nitrosourea (ccnu). Oral treatment of meningeal leukemia and CLL.

3, interference rna transcription process and prevent the synthesis of drugs.

Daunorubicin (dnr). Injection. An anthracycline antibiotic, could be embedded in dna base pairs between the inhibition rna synthesis, prevents dna replication, and showed cytotoxicity. Is the treatment of acute leukemia of essential medicines, the effects of acute lymphocytic better, but also as other chemotherapy-resistant second-line chemotherapy drugs,

Doxorubicin (demethylation daunorubicin, 1da, adm), injection. In recent years with the DNR are both listed on the mechanism but the effects are better with the treatment of acute leukemia drug, has been the first choice as a treatment for acute lymphocytic drugs, but the price higher.

Adriamycin (adr) injection. Pharmacological role and indications with the DNR, but the relatively large gastrointestinal adverse reactions.

Epirubicin (ep1) Adriamycin isomers, efficacy and doxorubicin are equally divided, in particular, cardiac toxicity low toxicity.

Pirarubicin (THP, thp-adm) 1979 and a half years synthetic anthracycline anticancer drug, structure, style and adriamycin similar for leukemia and other cancers.

Aclacinomycin (acm-a, acl, acr). Anthracycline anti-cancer drugs, efficacy and adriamycin approximation.

4, inhibit protein synthesis and function of drugs.

Vincristine (vcr), injection. Vinca plant extract active ingredients, for the tubulin inhibitors. In inhibiting microtubule polymerization, so that spindle can not form, cancer cells stop dividing, is an effective treatment of acute and chronic leukemia drug, commonly used for children-ALL. Is also used in malignant lymphoma and other cancer treatment.

Vindesine (Vindesine, VDS, vds), for the semi-synthetic derivatives of vinblastine, vincristine indications and similar but low toxicity.

Homoharringtonine base (hhar). To Cephalotaxus alkaloids extracted from plants, in order to interfere with the formation of nucleoprotein, inhibit cell division in drugs. The treatment of common acute and chronic leukemia drug.

l-L-L-asparaginase (asp), injection. Affecting the amino acid supply of the drugs. -ALL cell's own synthesis of l-asparaginase can not take lessons from the cells outside. The drug can asparagine hydrolysis, so that cancer cells can not survive lack of nutrition. Is mainly used for emergency shower, is an important treatment of children with acute lymphocytic drugs. Its biggest drawback is that will trigger diabetes.

5, other.

All-trans retinoic acid (atrt). 1986, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Institute of Hematology and the first to discover its efficacy m3 good governance, is to induce cell differentiation, inhibit proliferation of leukemic cells. After the popularization and application, where a large number of patients with m3.

Arsenic trioxide (as203). This drug the seventies of the twentieth century scholars, beginning with China's traditional Chinese medicine treatment of leukemia in the screening of drugs for the treatment of m3 out of chemical drugs, can induce cell differentiation and apoptosis in a double role. Ineffective treatment of RA cases may still be effective, it is now made of injection has become a common drug treatment m3.

Gleevec (stl571, imatinib mesylate). Treatment of CML the latest chemical drugs. First used in 1998. Its role is to block protein synthesis in some cancer cells, thus inhibiting their replication and proliferation-resistant mechanisms, adverse reactions is low, good curative effect, remission rate is higher than any previous one drug (0.4g for at least 12 weeks on a course of treatment) . On the accelerated phase and blastic phase of the case are also valid (Japan 0.6g), was considered the best current treatment of CML drugs. China in recent years is already in use and to achieve the desired clinical effect. CML 3 cr rates were hematological 95-34-7%; ph chromosome negative conversion rates were 41-17-7%. But the long-term efficacy and the pros and cons are still to be seen. A recent report, this product may have toxic effects on the heart. The goods and interferon, daunorubicin, cytarabine, vincristine, etoposide, and so there is synergy when combined with reduction. On the contrary with dexamethasone, topotecan, methotrexate, hydroxyurea and so there is antagonism. ph chromosome-positive leukemia, the other treatment may make the FDA. However, the drug is expensive, Japan and cost a thousand dollars, non-ordinary patient can bear.

Mitoxantrone (m1t, nvt, dhad). This product is synthetic anthracycline anticancer drug doxorubicin similar structure and, for leukemia and other cancers.

AMSA (amsa), for a variety of acute leukemia.

Topotecan (tpt) to topoisomerase inhibitors, may be co-vp-16, ctx governance cml CML.

Glucocorticoids. The main species used for the treatment of leukemia is prednisone (preed) and dexamethasone (dex). The primary role of its anti-leukemic lymphocytes mechanism is dissolved, so that lymphoid tissue atrophy,

Interferon. Interferon is a substance such as human cells after stimulation by the virus released by the immune substances that the present commodity interferon are mostly prepared by genetic engineering, dna recombinant products. There are many of its pharmacological effects, including inhibiting the virus reproduction, immune regulation and anti-tumor effect, to prevent cancer cell growth, promote nk and macrophage cell functions. Is mainly used in the treatment of hematologic malignancies in CML (to prevent the acceleration of CML have a good effect, but a continuous medication time normally not more than 1 year, but also prone to adverse reactions and complications, it can not meet the requirements of the long-term anti-CML) , hairy cell leukemia, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, multiple myeloma.

Cyclosporin a (csa). To act on the t-lymphocyte powerful immunosuppressant. This product is no significant inhibitory effect on the bone marrow. Is mainly used for organ or tissue transplantation graft-versus-host reaction; also used in some autoimmune diseases and refractory leukemia. There are oral agents and injections.

Calcium folinate (sub-acid, folinic CF). This product is no anti-tumor effect, mainly for high-dose methotrexate infusion to rescue; and fluorouracil combination can enhance the therapeutic effect of the latter.